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About Code Words

Code Words is the blog of the Society of Professional Journalists' national ethics committee:

Andy Schotz, chair

Andy Schotz is a reporter for The Herald-Mail, a daily newspaper in Hagerstown, Md. He has covered a variety of beats, including city hall and police and courts. He occasionally fills in as city editor. His newest assignment is covering the Maryland statehouse, starting with the 2007 session. When he joined the paper in 2000, he was the one person in the one-person Berkeley County, W.Va., bureau.

Schotz is on the board of SPJ’s Washington, D.C., Pro chapter and has helped the Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Press Association with some projects. A Long Island native, he has a bachelor’s degree from the University at Albany in upstate New York. He previously worked for eight years at The Altamont Enterprise, a weekly paper outside Albany, as a reporter and, for part of that time, an editor.

Please contact Andy only at his home e-mail address, which is where he responds to SPJ inquiries.


Fred Brown, vice chair

Fred Brown is a former national president of SPJ (1997-98) and is very active on its ethics committee. He writes a column on ethics for Quill magazine and served on the committee that wrote the Society’s 1996 code of ethics.

Brown officially retired from The Denver Post in early 2002, but continues to write a Sunday editorial page column for the newspaper. He also does analysis for Denver’s NBC television station, teaches communication ethics at the University of Denver, and is a principal in Hartman & Brown, LLP, a media training and consulting firm. He has won several awards for writing and community service, including a Sigma Delta Chi Award for editorial writing in 1988. He is an Honor Alumnus of Colorado State University, a member of the Denver Press Club Hall of Fame, and serves on the boards of directors of Colorado Public Radio, the Colorado Freedom of Information Council and the Sigma Delta Chi Foundation.


Robert Buckman


Robert Buckman, Ph.D., is an associate professor of communication at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, where he has been on the faculty since 1989. He is head of the print journalism sequence and is faculty adviser for the SPJ chapter. His specialties include ethics, media-military relations and Latin American media, especially press freedom issues, and he has been a regular contributor to Quill on these topics. He is also a freelance journalist, writing for various newspapers and magazines on Latin American politics and on Louisiana politics and culture. He has been on the SPJ Ethics Committee since 1996, when he participated in revising the Code of Ethics.

Buckman earned a B.A. in journalism and political science from Texas Christian University in 1970, his M.A. in political science from TCU in 1972 and his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1986. He was a reporter for the Fort Worth Press from 1972 to ’74, an editor with the U.S. Foreign Broadcast Information Service from 1974 to ’80 and the Texas capitol correspondent for the Fort Worth News-Tribune from 1980 to ’86. He was on the faculty of Loyola University in New Orleans from 1986 to ’89. He served a Fulbright Fellowship in Chile in 1991.He was president of the Southeast Journalism Conference in 1998 and ’99.


Casey Bukro

Casey Bukro is an overnight editor for the Chicago Tribune, where he has worked since 1961.

Before becoming an editor in 2000, he was an environment writer since 1967 and was the first reporter to hold that title on a major American newspaper. He pioneered environment and natural resource reporting in America.

Bukro previously served as SPJ's national ethics chair and regional director for SPJ's region 5. He participated in writing SPJ's Code of Ethics and was awarded the Wells Key in 1983. He co-founded the Ethics AdviceLine for Journalists and is the Chicago Headline Club's ethics chair.

Bukro was born and grew up in Chicago and holds bachelor's and master's degrees from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University.


Felisa Cardona

Felisa Cardona is a police reporter for the Denver Post in Colorado. She began her journalism career in Southern California where she covered prisons, courts and crime for several years at the Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, the San Bernardino Sun and the now-defunct, Inland Valley Our Times edition of the Los Angeles Times. In the last few months, Cardona, 34, has covered the arrest of John Mark Karr in the JonBenet Ramsey case, the school shooting in Bailey, Colo. and the allegations made by a gay escort that he had a sexual relationship with Colorado Springs Pastor Ted Haggard, the founder of an evangelical mega-church.

Al Cross

Al Cross is director of the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues, based at the University of Kentucky. He was a reporter at The Courier-Journal for 26 years, 15 as the Louisville newspaper’s chief political writer. He was national president of the Society of Professional Journalists in 2001-02. His awards include a share of the Pulitzer Prize for general news reporting won by The C-J’s staff in 1989. He has been a frequent panelist on Kentucky Educational Television's “Comment on Kentucky” and lives in Frankfort. He is a native of Albany, Ky., and a graduate of Western Kentucky University. He is a member of the Society because SPJ improves and protects journalism and the public interest by standing up for First Amendment rights and promoting ethical practices. “These functions are more important now than ever before,” he said.

Hugh Davis

Hugh Davis is a freelance reporter of law and political matters in Eastern Washington State (Spokane area). His formal journalism career in the Northwest included stints as a stringer for Associated Press (Portland Bureau), city hall reporter for the Spokane Daily Chronicle, assignment editor for KREM TV News, senior editor for a business journal, and communications manager for the state’s second largest public school district. He joined the University of Oregon Chapter of Sigma Delta Chi/Society of Professional Journalists in 1970 where he received a bachelor of science degree in journalism.

Jerry Dunklee

Jerry Dunklee is a journalism professor at Southern Connecticut State University. He has four decades of experience as a broadcaster and teacher. He has worked as a news reporter, news director, program director and talk show host on radio, TV and cable in New Haven, New York and Boston. Dunklee has been published in the New York Times, Hartford Courant, New Haven Register, The Communicator and Quill. Dunklee is a member of the board of directors and a past president of the Connecticut Pro chapter of SPJ. He conducts ethics seminars and writing workshops for professional journalists.

Bill Gannon

Bill Gannon is the director of online operations at Lucasfilm Ltd., where he has strategic and operational leadership roles and responsibilities for all online activities at Lucasfilm Ltd.

He was formerly senior editorial director and managing editor of Yahoo! Inc., where he had companywide editorial strategy and leadership responsibilities in product development, content programming, front page news, and a range of policy issues.

Gannon led Yahoo!’s Front Page News programming for 3 1/2 years, including coverage of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Southeast Asia tsunami, and Hurricane Katrina. He and his team raised more than $60 million in relief aid from Yahoo! users.

Gannon created a number of new products and services at Yahoo!, including the Yahoo! Buzz Log, The Yahoo! Netrospective, and the Yahoo! Time Capsule. He also played a leadership role in the development of a host of other new products, product features, and enhancements.

Prior to joining Yahoo!, Gannon was editorial director and managing editor of Financial Engines Inc., a high-tech financial services startup. He received a co-inventor patent for his Internet product development work with a team of colleagues and company founder and Nobel laureate (Economics) William Sharpe.

Prior to joining Financial Engines, Gannon was a national correspondent for The Star-Ledger of N.J., and Newhouse Newspapers Inc., where he covered national politics, terrorism, investigative reporting, and conflict beat reporting, including wars in Africa and the Middle East.

He is a former John S. Knight Fellow at Stanford University and has received a number of national journalism awards, including the National Headliner Award, The CIT Investigative Award, and four NYC SPJ Deadline Club Awards. He was the New Jersey Press Association Journalist of the Year and was a Pulitzer Prize finalist with a team of reporters from The Star-Ledger in 2001.

In addition to his work at Lucasfilm, he currently teaches online journalism at the University of California-Berkeley’s Graduate School of Journalism. He is co-chairman of the Knight New Media Center and a member of the center’s National Advisory Board. He also serves on the Board of Advisors to New Voices, a community news incubator project sponsored by J-Lab: The Institute for Interactive Journalism at the University of Maryland’s Philip Merrill College of Journalism.


Irwin Gratz

Irwin Gratz has been in radio news for nearly 30 years. He worked as a reporter, anchor and News Director for the number-one rated commercial station in Portland, Maine before going to work for public radio in 1992 as local anchor of “Morning Edition.”

A native of New York City, Irwin holds a Masters Degree in journalism from New York University. He has taught a college course on media ethics and has been a guest lecturer on journalism ethics and broadcast news writing.

Irwin has been a member of the Society of Professional Journalists since 1983 and has held positions as a state chapter president, a member of its national board and was the Society’s national President in 2004 and 2005.

Irwin lives outside of Portland, Maine with his wife and young son.


Liz Hansen

Elizabeth K. Hansen is a professor in the Department of Communication at Eastern Kentucky University where she has taught since 1987. She teaches Community Journalism, Media Ethics, Writing and Reporting News, Writing and Selling Nonfiction, Media Law, Public Affairs Reporting and Feature Writing.

Hansen holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, a master’s degree in journalism and mass communication from Iowa State University, and a Ph.D. in communication with emphases in mass media law and ethics from the University of Kentucky.

Hansen worked as a reporter for The Springdale News and the Arkansas Democrat in Arkansas and the State-Times in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She also is a freelance writer whose work has been published in newspapers and magazines in Mississippi, Kentucky and elsewhere. Before joining the faculty at Eastern, she taught at Iowa State University, the University of Southern Mississippi and the University of Kentucky.

Hansen, who has been a member of SPJ for 30 years, is immediate past president of the Bluegrass Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists and advises the Eastern Kentucky University SPJ chapter. She serves on the steering committee for the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues, a multi-state, multi-institution program headquartered at the University of Kentucky. She is also a member of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication and the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics. She received the 2004 Russ Metz Most Valuable Member Award from the Kentucky Press Association for her work on a statewide public records audit.


Jane Kirtley

Jane E. Kirtley has been the Silha Professor of Media Ethics and Law at the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Minnesota since August 1999. Prior to that, she was Executive Director of The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press in Arlington, Virginia, for 14 years.

She was appointed Director of The Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law in May 2000, and was named to the affiliated faculty of the University of Minnesota Law School in March 2001. During the Spring 2004 semester, she was a Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Suffolk University Law School in Boston, Massachusetts.

Kirtley speaks frequently on First Amendment and freedom of information issues, both in the United States and abroad. She also writes the “First Amendment Watch” column for American Journalism Review.

Prof. Kirtley received her J.D. degree from Vanderbilt University School of Law in 1979. She holds bachelor’s and master’s of journalism degrees from Northwestern University’s Medill School of Journalism.


Sara Stone

Dr. Sara Stone, professor of journalism at Baylor University, teaches courses in media law and ethics and reporting and is the director of undergraduate studies for the journalism department at Baylor.

She served on a nationwide Task Force on the Ethics of the Media Coverage of the Mount Carmel standoff sponsored by the Society of Professional Journalists. She was national vice president for campus chapter affairs for the Society of Professional Journalists from 1988 to 1994. She is the SPJ student chapter adviser at Baylor.

Stone has professional journalistic experience in both print and broadcast. After graduating from the University of New Mexico in 1970 she joined the staff of the Amarillo Globe-News where she served as a reporter, copy editor, night news editor and assistant night city editor over the next four-and-a-half years. She obtained a master’s degree in mass communications at Texas Tech University and taught in the journalism department at West Texas State University (now West Texas A&M) from 1974 to 1980. During the summers from 1976 through 1980 she worked as a reporter and weekend co-anchor for television station KVII, the ABC affiliate in Amarillo.

From 1980 to 1982, Stone attended the University of Tennessee where she earned a Ph.D. in communications. While a doctoral student, she worked part-time as a copy editor for the Knoxville News-Sentinel. She was named an outstanding doctoral student in the College of Communications at Tennessee, where she was a Bickel Fellow.

She has been on the faculty of the Baylor University journalism department since the fall of 1982. She has attended journalism educator workshops put on by both the American Press Institute and by the Poynter Institute. In 1987, she also was named the Outstanding Society of Professional Journalists Campus Chapter Adviser in the United States.


Peter Sussman

Peter Y. Sussman is an independent journalist and author who spent 29 years in various editing positions at the San Francisco Chronicle. He has received numerous national and local journalism and First Amendment awards, many of them for his pioneering advocacy for media access to prisoners and his defense of Dannie M. Martin, a federal prisoner who was punished for an article he wrote that Sussman published in The Chronicle.

He is the co-author with Martin of Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog (W.W. Norton, 1993) and the editor of Decca: The Letters of Jessica Mitford (Knopf and Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006).

Sussman, a longtime member of SPJ's Ethics Committee, has also served as California Sunshine chair and two terms as president of the Northern California professional chapter. Among his national awards from SPJ are the Freedom of Information Award (1990), the Howard S. Dubin Outstanding Professional Chapter Member Award (1997) and the Wells Memorial Key, the Society's highest honor for an individual member (1999). In bestowing the Wells Key, the Society cited his “instrumental” role in writing SPJ's current Code of Ethics and his advocacy of press freedoms and journalism diversity, in both hiring and coverage.

Beginning in 2002, Sussman wrote and lectured widely on wartime journalism ethics, based on specific ethical conflicts during the "war on terror" and the Afghan and Iraqi invasions. He conducted a number of workshops to reconsider journalists’ wartime ethical obligations. One product of those workshops was a proposed set of guidelines to help resolve ethical conflicts in wartime.

Further details on Sussman's career are available at peterysussman.com.


Adrian G. Uribarri

Adrian G. Uribarri is a staff writer at the Orlando (Fla.) Sentinel. From 2005 to 2006, he served as campus representative on the society's national board of directors. In 2007, two years after he graduated from the program, he served as a facilitator at the Ted Scripps Leadership Institute in Indianapolis.

In 2005, he was a Dow Jones Newspaper Fund business-reporting intern at the Sentinel, and a year later, he rejoined the Fund as a copy-editing intern at the San Francisco Chronicle's business desk. From 2006 to 2007, he spent six months reporting at the Los Angeles Times.

His work also has been published at The Gainesville (Fla.) Sun and The Independent Florida Alligator, and he has served as an anchor, producer and reporter at Mid-Florida Public Radio.

He holds bachelor's degrees in journalism and political science from the University of Florida, where he served as president of the society's campus chapter.

He also is a member of the National Association of Hispanic Journalists.

Nerissa Young

Nerissa Young is a recovering print journalist employed as visiting assistant professor of mass communications at Shepherd University in Shepherdstown, W.Va. Before that, she taught in the journalism school at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater. Young has nearly 20 years of media experience that includes radio, newspapers, freelance and journalism education. A native West Virginian, she received her bachelor’s degree in secondary education from Concord College and her master’s degree in journalism from Marshall University. She has been a member of SPJ’s national ethics committee since 1995 and just finished seven years as chairwoman of SPJ’s national Project Watchdog committee. Young writes a weekly column, “The Back Porch,” about whatever tickles her momentary fancy for her former employer, The (Beckley, W.Va.) Register-Herald. At Shepherd, she teaches Introduction to Mass Communications, Writing for Mass Media, Media Law and Ethics and Documentary Journalism.